See drukos on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "drouk"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "drog"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "drwg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "drwc"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*drug"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "droch-"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "droch"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "drogh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "droch"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "droch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰrúkš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; one possibility is that it could be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”), with the voiceless -k- originating in a root noun *dʰréwgʰ-s (“falsehood”) (pronounced *dʰrewks, compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drukos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "druke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drukons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drukobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drukobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drukans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drukābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drukābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*drukos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "druk",
"nocomp": "1"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/drukos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"id": "en-drukos-cel-pro-adj-LwXUtonS",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drukos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "drouk"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "drog"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "drwg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "drwc"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*drug"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "droch-"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "droch"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "drogh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "droch"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "droch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰrúkš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; one possibility is that it could be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”), with the voiceless -k- originating in a root noun *dʰréwgʰ-s (“falsehood”) (pronounced *dʰrewks, compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drukos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "druke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drukons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drukobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drukobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drukans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drukābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drukābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drukom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drukā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*drukos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "druk",
"nocomp": "1"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/drukos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drukos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drukos meaning in All languages combined (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.